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    April 30

    'Swine flu' or '猪流感'? 'Pg flu' 还是 '豕流感'?

    头一次在BBC radio fm 88.9 里面听到报道swine flu的时候,我天真的听成了'swan flu'。心想,阿,天鹅感冒了。过了几天之后,渐渐在MSN的名字上看到了诸如'pig flu'和‘猪流感’的字样,我又一次天真地想,阿,原来猪也感冒了,真巧!直到两天前收到朋友和NUS非常serious的warning email时,我恍然大悟——哦!不是天鹅流感,原来一直都是猪流感!

    File:Pig USDA01c0116.jpg File:Cygnus olor 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg

    swine这个词儿的确是少见,我把它听错了估计还是情有可原,根据美国韦氏大辞典:
    swine \ˈswīn\ 12世纪之前即有,单复同,源于古英语swīn,和古德语中的swīn同义,拉丁语写作sus
    字典里面定义如下,简单来说就是身体健壮,腿儿短,什么都吃的一种哺乳动物,而且这种动物一般有一身的刚毛,鼻子的前半部分格外灵活。(我觉得大概是一种野猪吧)
    (1: any of various stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous artiodactyl mammals (family Suidae) with a thick bristly skin and a long flexible snout ; especially : a domesticated one descended from the wild boar2: a contemptible person)
    pig \ˈpig\ 起源于13世纪,中世纪英语pigge,没有拉丁名儿
    主要来说就是那种家养的但是还没性成熟的swine(野猪?),其他的都是一些引申义
    (1 a: a young domesticated swine not yet sexually mature ; broadly : a wild or domestic swine b: an animal related to or resembling the pig2 a: pork b: the dressed carcass of a young swine weighing less than 130 pounds (60 kilograms) c: pigskin3: a dirty, gluttonous, or repulsive person4: a crude casting of metal (as iron)5slang : an immoral woman6slang usually disparaging : police officer)

    再来看看我们博大精深的中文,根据新华字典online
     zhū 哺乳动物,肉可食,鬃可制刷,皮可制革,粪是很好的肥料。猪,豕而三毛丛居者。从豕,者声。——《说文》。按,豕子也。
     shǐ (象形。甲骨文字形,象猪形,长吻,大腹,四蹄,有尾。本义:猪)同本义豕,彘也

    看起来对于美国人来说pig这个词儿更亲近点儿,家养的猪嘛,主要是用来吃得。而swine呢,就是在大自然里面儿跑来跑去的。对于一个把英语作为第二语言的我来说,也许管它叫swine flu而不是pig flu听起来更正经、官话一点儿。当然也有可能第一次流感爆发时,发现病源在野猪身上而不是猪圈里(据wiki,这个流感是1918年'Spanish flu'西班牙流感H1N1的变种)。而对于中国人来说,猪和豕指的大概是同一种家养的猪,意思上没什么差异,只是一个现代,一个古语。而在野外乱跑的猪,我们没有专门儿的可以和猪对应的单音节字儿(至少我是想不出来),形容词加个名词——就是它了-'野猪'。把swine flu翻译成'猪流感',对于中文来说,大概是唯一的选择了。好歹咱不能管它叫'豕流感',一来大家不熟悉这个字儿,二来说起来也不好听,上不了新闻联播。那'野猪流感'?就更不对劲儿了。将就了,我们就"预防猪流感",但还是别扭,和英文的swine flu感觉就差着什么东西。

    想把英文完完整整的翻译成中文是不大可能的,音节上对称了,意思上就不对了,意思上差不多了,但又不怎么实用。引申义也差得多,猪这个字儿总是给我一种消极的感觉(脏,蠢,从小到大,无一例外,笨的人总是当之无愧有猪的称号,当然除了奥维尔的拿破仑例外),'猪流感'仿佛暗指这是个愚蠢的东西。我们就拿'禽流感'和'猪流感'做一下对比,不得不承认有感情色彩的差异。另一方面,swine flu这个词儿我前两天才听说,用BBC非常标准的英式发音念出来(这个发音还被我误和天鹅搭上了关系)。我来不及给这个生词加上其他引申含义,虽然翻译过来也是猪,但那些中文的'猪'的消极含义很早以前就都被我完全转嫁到了英文的'pig'上面,这个新词儿太无辜了,想着想着就变成了technical term了。

    好吧,胡扯到现在,想说的也就是其实每个词儿不仅有它表面的意思,例如swine, pig都是指四只小短腿的猪,它还有引申含义,比如猪是蠢,狗是忠,对于不同的人来说,同一个词儿也有不同的引申含义,可能对于在美国熟悉swine不过的人来说,它指的就是乱跑的野猪,但是对于听着BBC的我,它莫名其妙的和天鹅挂上了钩(所以我怎么都nega不了这个词儿)。最后,还是让我胡扯吧,有空看Derrida和Roland Barths, Post-modern / structure rocks!


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